來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-09-24 21:07:18
基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成
1.1—12的基數(shù)詞是獨(dú)立的單詞,即: one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight, nine,ten,eleven,twelve。
2.13—19的基數(shù)詞以-teen結(jié)尾。如: fourteen,seventeen等,但13,15,18較特殊, 13—thirteen 15—fifteen 18—eighteen。
3.20—90的整十位均以-ty結(jié)尾。如: sixty,ninety,但20,30,40,50,80較特殊, 20—twenty 30—thirty 40—forty 50—fifty 80—eighty。
4.十位數(shù)與個(gè)位數(shù)之間要加連字符號(hào)“-”,如:28—twenty-eight,96—ninety-six。
5.百位和十位(若無(wú)十位則和個(gè)位)之間加and,如:148—one hundred and forty-eight 406—four hundred and six。
6.hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百萬(wàn)),billion(十億)等前面即使有具體的數(shù)詞,也不能在它們的后面加s。如:600—six hundred,8百萬(wàn)—eight million。
7.1000以上的數(shù)字,從后往前數(shù)每三位加一個(gè)逗號(hào)“,”第一個(gè)逗號(hào)前為千(thousand),第二個(gè)逗號(hào)前為百萬(wàn)(million),第三個(gè)逗號(hào)前為billion(十億)。英語(yǔ)中無(wú)“萬(wàn)”這個(gè)詞,我們可以用“幾十個(gè)千(thousand)”表示幾萬(wàn),“幾百個(gè)千(thousand)”表示“幾十萬(wàn)”。如:2,510=two thousand five hundred and ten;84,296=eight-four thousand two hundred and ninety-six;274,350=two hundred and seventy-four thousand three hundred and fifty。
序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成
序數(shù)詞一般是以與之相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞尾加-th構(gòu)成,例如 fourth, tenth,但以下的這些基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時(shí), 有特別之處。
1.one--- first,two --- second,three --- third, five --- fifth,nice --- ninth,twelve --- twelfth
2. 以ty 結(jié)尾的單詞, 要先變y為I, 在加-eth. 例如:thirty ---thirtieth, fifty ---fiftieth
3. 以one, two, three 等結(jié)尾的多位數(shù)詞, 要將各位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞。 例如:twenty-one --- twenty-first,one hundred and one --- one hundred and first
注意: 序數(shù)詞前常用定冠詞, 有時(shí)還可以用不定冠詞 a/an 則表示 “又一 ”的意思。
例如:Mr Brown has a second car.布朗先生另外還有一輛車。
He has tried a second time.他又嘗試了一次。
數(shù)詞的應(yīng)用
1.時(shí)刻的表示:小時(shí)、點(diǎn)鐘、分鐘、秒鐘要用基數(shù)詞。
①“幾點(diǎn)鐘”用基數(shù)詞加o\'clock。o\'clock可省略。如: 5點(diǎn)鐘—five(o\'clock).
②“幾點(diǎn)過(guò)幾分”,≤30分鐘”用介詞past。如: 7:05—five past seven;7:15—fifteen (a quarter)past seven;7:30—half past seven。
③“差幾分幾點(diǎn)”用介詞“to”。如:7:40—twenty to eight;7:45—fifteen(a quarter to eight。
④日常生活中的時(shí)間讀法常常簡(jiǎn)化,直接按基數(shù)詞的順序讀。如:7:05—seven o five;7:15— seven fifteen。
2.年月日的表示:
①年份用基數(shù)詞,如:1999年—nineteen ninety-nine; 1900年—nineteen hundred; 2000—two thousand;1905—nineteen o five;
②年用基數(shù)詞,日用序數(shù)詞。如:1998年6月8日寫作:June 8,1998;讀作:June the eighth, nineteen ninety-eight或the eighth of June, nineteen ninety-eight。
3.世紀(jì)、年代表示法:
(在)90年代 (in) the nineties
(在)19世紀(jì) (in) the nineteenth century
(在)18世紀(jì)30年代(in) 1730s或1730’s
4.編號(hào)的表示:
①Lesson One =the first lesson第一課;
②Bus No.3=the No.3bus 3路公共汽車;
③表示住所時(shí)不用“No.”如:302房間—Room 302(讀作:room three o two);
④如果編號(hào)的數(shù)詞比較長(zhǎng),一般用基數(shù)詞。如:Page 457第457頁(yè);
⑤電話號(hào)碼,用基數(shù)詞,如:3855633—three eight five five(double five) six three three(double three)。
5.分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá):
分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞,分子大于“1”,分母則加“s”。如:1/3 one third,2/3two thirds;
另外:1/2 a(one)half; 1/4one fourth或a(one)quarter;3/4threefourths或three quarters。
half a second; a quarter of a second四分之一秒
6. 表示有小數(shù)的詞用基數(shù)詞。
5.5 five point five
12.135 twelve point one three five
7.表示百分?jǐn)?shù)
5℅:five percent (per cent), 0.8℅ zero point eight percent (per cent).
8.表示有小數(shù)的詞用基數(shù)詞。
5.5 five point five
12.135 twelve point one three five
9.其他用法:
1)基數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞+形容詞構(gòu)成合成形容詞。如:一個(gè)五歲的男孩a five-year-old boy;
一座800米長(zhǎng)的橋an 800-metre-long bridge;女子400米接力girls\'400-metre relay race。
2)具體數(shù)詞+metre(s)/kilometre(s)/kilo(s)long / high /tall /deep /away等。如:長(zhǎng)江長(zhǎng)6300公里。The Changjiang River is 6,300 kilometres long.
3)表示"幾十歲"用序數(shù)詞,eg. 在他三十幾歲時(shí)in his thirties
4)倍數(shù)的表達(dá):(一倍用once,兩倍用 twice,兩倍以上用基數(shù)詞+times。如:5倍five times)。
例如:He is as tall a boy as I.
He is a head taller than I .
He is two years older than I
China is four times as large as Europe.
I am twice as old as you. (=I am twice older than you. /I am twice the age of you.)
My books are twice as many as yours.
China is four times larger than Europe.(=China is four times the size of Europe.)
I pay twice as much as it was worth.
I pay twice as much for the house.
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