中考英語復(fù)習(xí)重點定語從句易混點

易錯點一：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的混用。

例1. I’ll never forget the days when I spent in New York with you.

例 2. I’ll never forget the days which I visited New York with you.

析：例1中的when應(yīng)改為which或that;例2中的which應(yīng)改為when.區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的關(guān)鍵是看它們在定語從句中所充當?shù)某煞帧Ｈ绻�定語從句中缺少主語、賓語，就應(yīng)考慮使用關(guān)系代詞，如例1;若定語從句中缺少狀語，就應(yīng)考慮使用關(guān)系副詞，如例2.

易錯點二：固定句式出差錯。

例3. Mary is so lovely a girl as everybody loves her.

例4. Mary is so lovely a girl that everybody loves.

析：例3中的as應(yīng)改為that;例4中的that應(yīng)改為as.so…as或so…that為固定句式，前者為as引導(dǎo)的定語從句，as在定語從句中作賓語或主語，如例4;后者為that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句，該從句的成分是完整的，不缺少主語或賓語，如例3.類似的固定句式還有the same… as (that)，such…as，as…as等。

易錯點三：主謂不一致。

例5. Tom is one of the students who likes swimming.

例6. Tom is the only one of the students who like swimming.

析：例5中的likes應(yīng)改為like;例6中的like應(yīng)改為likes.在“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句的先行詞是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，故謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如例5;在“the (only) one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞是one，而不是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，故謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式，如例6.

易錯點四：與強調(diào)句型及其他句型的混合。

例7. Was it in the shop that you bought the recorder that you lost your pen?

例8. You’d better make a mark at where you have any questions.

析：例7中第一個that應(yīng)改為where;例8中應(yīng)去掉at.例7為帶有定語從句的強調(diào)句，you bought the recorder為定語從句，其引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)用where，后面第二個that才是強調(diào)句中的that，此句可還原為：You lost your pen in the shop where you bought the recorder .例8為where引導(dǎo)的地點狀語從句。

易錯點五：對先行詞概念不明確。

例9. It this library that you visited yesterday?

例10. Is this the library where you visited yesterday?

析：例9中應(yīng)在library后加the one;例10中的where應(yīng)去掉或改為that或which.在例9中，this library是主語，is是謂語，that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，但沒有先行詞，故應(yīng)補加先行詞;在例10中，the library是先行詞，定語從句缺少賓語，故應(yīng)用that或which來引導(dǎo)，當然也可以省略。

易錯點六：特殊名詞作先行詞時關(guān)系詞的選取錯誤。

例11. I don’t like the way which you speak to her.

例12. I don’t care for pay. I just want to get a job that I can be greatly valued.

析：例11中應(yīng)在which前加in或?qū)�which改為that或去掉;例12中的that應(yīng)改為where或in which .在定語從句中，有些特殊名詞作先行詞時其關(guān)系詞的選取有一定的特殊性，如way作先行詞時，其引導(dǎo)詞可用that或in which或省略，如例11;與way相似的還有job，situation，point，case等作先行詞時，關(guān)系詞常用where或inwhich，如例12.

易錯點七：忽略as和which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句的區(qū)別。

例13. He failed in the exam again， which was expected.

例14. He failed in the exam again， as was not what he had expected.

析：例13中的which應(yīng)改為as;例14中的as應(yīng)改為which.as和which雖然都可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，但仍有以下三點區(qū)別：(1)as有“正如;就像”之意，而which沒有;(2)as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可置于句首、句中或句末，而which只能置于句末;(3)如果非限制性定語從句是否定句時，只能用which引導(dǎo)。

易錯點八：忽略that和which引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句的區(qū)別。

例15.This is the most exciting football game which I have ever seen.

例16. Here are the samples that — had I thought of it — you could have taken with you yesterday.

析：例15中的which應(yīng)改為that;例16中的that應(yīng)改為which.當先行詞被最高級、序數(shù)詞修飾或先行詞本身是不定代詞時，只能用what來引導(dǎo)定語從句，如例15;當關(guān)系詞后面有插入成分時，只能用which來引導(dǎo)定語從句，如例16.

易錯點九：介詞前置出差錯。

例17. The two things with which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.

例18. Tell him all the things to which he should pay attention.

析：例17中的with應(yīng)改為about或of;例18中應(yīng)把to移到attention的后面。在定語從句中前置的介詞必須和后面的動詞或形容詞構(gòu)成固定搭配，如例17;但并不是所有的固定搭配中的介詞都可前置，如例18.

易錯點十：which和whose的意義不明確。

例19. The book which cover is broken is of great help to all of us.

例20. The book of whose cover is broken is of great help to all of us.

析：例19中的which應(yīng)改為whose;例20中的whose應(yīng)改為which.在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞which不能在定語從句中作定語，但whose可作定語，“whose+n”相當于“the+n+ofwhich”或“of which+the+n”。

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